Process for converting gaseous fuels into thermal energy, and at the same time capturing CO₂ and water. In CCS this is beneficial since the CO₂ then is reqadily accessible for storage.

Organic chemical compound or functional group that contains a basic nitrogen atom with two valence electrons that readily will react and bond with CO₂, removing it from the exhaust.

A term used to describe something that is caused by or affected by humans. Anthropogenic climate change is climate change caused by human activities, such as buring fossile fuels and releasing CO₂ to the atmosphere.

Geological feature, a folded rock/sedimentary layer that has a crest and strata sloping downwards to each side. Often a good cap rock/trap for oil/gas if the layer is non-permeable

See ” formation water”. A geological structure whose rock is permeable enough to allow flow. Aquifers are bounded by natural seals like cap-rock.

The thin layer of gas, surrounding Earth, that makes the world livable. Contains mainly nitrogen gas, N₂ (78%), and oxygen (21%) in the form of O₂ and O₃ and bound in different molecules like H₂O and CO₂.

In CCS, this is the name of the field where Northern Lights DNLV will store the CO₂.

Rock formed from basaltic lava- Found for example on Iceland. Suitable for storage of CO₂ as it reacts with the gas to form carbonates.

Process of comparing metrics and practices against best practice.

CO₂ from biological sources, like trees and waste.

BioCCS (BECCS)

Oranic material (from plants/animals/waste) used for renewable energy. Directly as heat or converted to bio-fuels.

Off-shore Norway, the outer parts of continental shelf is devided into smaller areas measuring 15 min latitude * 20 min longitude. These blocks are the subject of licensing rounds for hydrocarbon exploration and CO₂ storage

Water with high concentration of salt (NaCl). Possible storage formations deep under the seabed often contains brine, also referred to as formation water.

A fluids density decides wheather it sinks (lss boyant) or rises (more boyant) in relation to other fluids.

Carbon capture and storage

CCC

Carbon Dioxid

CO₂-eq

Separating carbon, often in the form of CO₂ from combustion processes (from the flue gas).

CCP

CO₂

CMM

CCS

CCUS

CDR

The release of carbon, often in the form of CO₂ from combustion processes/burning of fossile fuels.

The process of capturing and storing CO₂.

Storage complex, often underground in a rock formation, with the intent to store CO₂ permantently.

A cost on carbon emmisions that is ment to encourage.

Product/binder used in buiding, made from carbonate rocks. In the process large amounts of CO₂ is traditionally released to the atmosphere.

CAP

Significant longterm change in the average weather on a global scale. Often referred to as a result of anthropogenic pollution of CO₂ to the atmosphere.

Large scale initiatives to combat climate change (and reduce GHGs in the atmosphere).

Product/process/company/country that has a net addition of GHGs to the atmosphere, as opposed to climate positive or neutral.

Product/process/company/country that does not affect the levels of GHGs in the atmosphere, as opposed to climate positive or negative.

Product/process/company/country that has a net romoval of GHGs (often CO₂) from the atmosphere, as opposed to climate negative or neutral.

CHP

The act of keeping something in its place/within its limits. With regards to CCS it refers to keeping the CO₂ safely stored.

A process in which a corrosive agent, e.g. sulphur will desintegrate the steel coating of a piplene due to electrochemical reactions.

Reduction of carbon – conversion to an economic system that sustainably reduces CO₂ emissions and compansates for hard to abate emissions.

Smaller scale capital/technical assistance project with the purpose of proving/demonstrating a particulare approach. It this context the Longship project ia a demontration project for full-chain CCS.

DAC

Method in which CO₂ can be trapped for permantent storage underground. The CO₂ dissolves into the formation water (see “brine”) and sinks due to to less boyancy.

The prosses of a gas or solid to pass into solution. In this context it reffers to CO₂ forming new chemical bonds in the storage/brine.

A non-spontaneous chemical reaction induced by adding a direct electric current. Used to separate elements from alloys.

Location at which an emission enters the atmosphere.

Industries that use large amounts of energy. These typically stand for more than half of the energy usage in Europe, but they are also important as they enable reduction of emmisions in other sectors.

A means of transporting or storing energy, like a battery. It does not produce energy but can be used to transport/store the energy.

Basically reducing the amount of energy used for the same result or using the least amount of energy for any given process.

A source that emits/generates energy. Renewable energy source is e.g. the sun, wind, water. Non-renewable is e.g. oil and gas.

EOR

ETS

Geological feature. A fault is a significant displacement of a volume of rock relative to other parts of that rock along a planar fracure.

The gas that comes from a combustion process. Often also referred to as exhaust gas or stack gas. This gas contains greenhouse gases and is the focus of several carbon capture projects.

Water in geological formations. This water usually has high salt concentration. Formation containing groundwater (fresh) are not target for CO₂ storage. Other names are formation fluid and brine.

FEED

FS

GCCSI

GWP

The increase in GHGs in our atmosphere resulting in increased temperature of the Earth, surface, atmoshpere and oceans.

The greenhouse effect is the effect of the GHG composition in our atmosphere, that makes the Earth a habitable planet. The effect makes the world warmer than it would be without the GHGs. See Global warming for the negative effects of anthropogenic release and increase of GHGs in the atmosphere.

Antropogenic (human caused) emissions of gases that increase the greenhouse effect. This leads to climate change. The main causes are burning of different fossile fuels, like oil, gas, coal, for the purpose of transportation, heat and electricity.

GHG

HSQE

HSE

In processes that create heat as a bi product, the heat can be used as a second source of energy back into the process or other processes run in the installation

More commonly referred to as acronym rather than full term.

More commonly referred to as acronym rather than full term.

The process of pumping a fluid into a storage object. In this contex; pumping CO₂ into e.g. a saline aquifer.

Well that is designed for injection of a fluid into a storage formation. (see “well”).

IPCC

IEA

ISO

The sandstone formation, in the Aurora complex, in which the CO₂ from the Norwegian Longship project will be injected. This sandstone is a saline aquifer at a depth of 2500 meters.

See licensing round.

The authorities decide which areas of the Norwegian continental shelf are to be opened for petroleum activity/CO₂ storage and which companies are to be awarded a licences. The application deadlines and awards are controlled and named rounds.

LNG

LPG

Longship is the first Norwegian full-scale industrial CCS project. It aims to develop an open access infrastructure with the intent and capacity to store significant volumes of CO₂ from across the European continent.

Refers to solutions where technology and solutions aims at improving/lowering the emissions of greenhouse gases to a minimum.

The movement of a fluid within a reservoir rock. It is possible to model and monitor the migration path of the CO₂ injected into a saline formation and thus ensure that the fluid behaves according to models.

One mechanism that will trap the CO2 in an underground storage (saline aquifer). Injected CO₂ will react with formation water and form minerals. CO₂ will reside permanently in the storage formation.

ME

A variety of methods to keep track of the CO₂ movement/behavior in the storage formation.

When capturing CO₂ from biogene sources the net result is negative emmision, meaning that the effective amount of CO₂ to the atmosphere is lower than without that CO₂ capture.

NLJV

NCS

O&G

Context dependent – Operator when more generic discussion of organisations/participants of an industry/process.

ppm

Perm

A test or experiment conducted before a method/installation will be introduced on a larger scale.

Poro

Research and Development

A body of rock with the porosity and permeability to store and transmit fluids. Reservoirs typically hold hydrocarbons or saline water.

A method of trapping CO₂ in the storage formation. The injected CO₂ will rise and displace fluids (water) as it moves, due to bouyancy. Once the CO₂ has passed the formation fluid again occupies the pore space. Droplets of CO₂ will be disconnected from the CO₂ plume and is trapped within the formation fluid. This can be compared water in a sponge.

A porous and permeable rock formation containg saline water.

A sedimentary rock that is composed of sand particles, often consisting of quarts or feldspar. This typ of rock often has good porosity and permeability.

A rock that is formed by burial and cementing of increasing amounts of sediments constantly overlaying older deposits. Examples are sandstones and shales.

Seismic refers to sound waves through the earth. These are used to image and understand the underground.

The process of capturing and storing carbon (co2) in the attempt to decrease the amount of CO₂ in the atmosphere and combat climate change.

Shales are a type of sedimentary rocks that are composed of very fine sediments. This gives the rock a low permeability, and makes it suitable as a caprock/trap for fluids as they will not easily flow through.

The Smeaheia complex was the previosly planned storage site for CO₂ for the Longship project. See Johansen Formation for the current site.

The classification of the different layers of sedimentary rocks.

Method in which the CO₂ can be trapped for permantent storage underground. See also: residual trapping, dissolution trapping and mineral trapping.

Technology Centre Mongstad

TRL

CSLF

A physical barriere for a fluid, such that it cannot escape its containment. See Trapping mechanisms for examples.

Ways in which the CO₂ can be trapped for permantent storage underground. See: Structural trapping, residual trapping, dissolution trapping and mineral trapping.

Well that is designed to verify the modeled/estimated extent of the storage formation.

In this context: A hole drilled (and bored) deep into the earths crust with the purpose of either substracting fluid (e.g. oil and gas well) or injecting a fluid (e.g. injection well for water or CO₂).

Same as full-scale (see “full scale”). It denotes the whole chain of CCS from carbon capture at a facility that releases CO₂, via the transport of CO₂ to the storage of CO₂ (underground).